The Health Danger of Energy Drinks

Caffeinated drinks are a sort of rewards that are promoted as sodas that help vitality. The fact of the matter is these sorts of beverages are loaded with numerous unsafe fixings, for example, sugar, energizers, and other home grown enhancements. Caffeinated drinks are focusing on secondary school and understudies who may utilize this sort of drink to keep them wakeful for a midterm, or even give them a mental trip feeling some other mixed refreshments will do. Numerous examinations demonstrated the disadvantageous of these beverages, yet this industry has out of control fire between underage children who utilized it to show their insubordinate side through a protected and modest way. Another examination shows that 34% of youth between the ages of eighteen years of age and twenty-four years of age expend caffeinated drinks normally (Casiano, 2011), this enormous number of utilization should bring up the issue whether the assembled state should boycott selling Energy beverages to underage children, and treat it like mixed refreshments? Youth are making some hard memories staying aware of the entirety of the school exercises, chipping in, homework, and perhaps occupations; those individuals typically hand-off and learn negative behavior patterns that will impact their wellbeing in numerous years to come. Caffeinated beverages can cause numerous medical issues, for example, overdose, toxication, heart issues, circulatory strain, liver issues, and teeth rotting. Joelving (2011)explains how an ongoing report in New Zealand’s show that the over the top measure of caffeine that is found in caffeinated beverages can cause quick pulse, a sleeping disorder, and nervousness; the examination additionally shows that â€Å"just one caffeinated drink is sufficient to make most children experience some symptom, including mellow ones like fractiousness or resentful stomach. What's more, there are different fixings with impacts of their own, for example, the amino corrosive taurine, the home grown concentrates yohimbine, guarana and ginseng, and regularly heaps of sugar. † There are numerous sorts of caffeinated drinks that are gotten to effectively in business sectors and corner stores. One of the most widely recognized sorts is Red Bull, in the site of this caffeinated drink it is composed that it will build focus and response speed, and improve cautiousness and enthusiastic status. These fabricates will catch youngsters eye who are deprived to increment and improve their focus, response speed, and enthusiastic state; yet they neglect to recognize the reaction of their items, for example, being worn out following a few hours of â€Å"sugar rush†. An over measurements of Red Bull cause a twenty-eight years of age man to have a cardiovascular failure (Richards), this occurrences is one of numerous that demonstrate to us that this risky items ought to be restricted from grocery stores and other effectively ccessed places for more youthful age. Numerous Young grown-ups decide to be defiant to demonstrate their economic wellbeing; numerous youthful grown-ups are blending caffeinated drinks with liquor. Blending a depressor like liquor with an energizer like caffeine cause the human body to overlook the impact of liquor, and cause the young beverage more liquor to feel the buzz feeling; driving them to expend more liquor than their typical body limit. In 2010, nine undergrads were hospitalized in the wake of drinking alcoholic caffeinated drink called four loko (Hogan, 2010). Four loko can be found in any corner store for around three dollars,it is regularly called â€Å" power outage in a can† , it can raise your alcoholic blood level to . 3; as far as possible for blood liquor level is . 08. One container of four loko contain as much liquor as a six pack of lager bound with a few shots of coffee. Casiano, R., and Contributor, C. (2011, February 17). Sovereigns annal †Study discovers caffeinated drinks awful for youth. TownNews.com . Recovered February 17, 2011, from http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=20456245&BRD=2731 Joelving, F. (2011, February 14). As deals take off, specialists caution about caffeinated drinks †Yahoo! News. The top news features on recent developments from Yahoo! News. Recovered February 17, 2011, from http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20110214/us_nm/us_energy_drinks_1 Richards, C. (n.d.). Red bull overdose stops man’s heart |. Caffeine Products. Recovered February 18, 2011, from http://caffeineproducts.com/caffeine-news/red-bull-overdose-stops-keeps an eye on heart-3/2008/08/23/ Hogan, R. (2010, October 26). 9 Students Hospitalized After Drinking Four Loko Alcoholic Energy Drink  » Popular Fidelity  » Unusual Stuff. Famous Fidelity. Recovered February 18, 2011, from http://www.popfi.com/2010/10/26/9-understudies hospitalized-subsequent to drinking-four-loko-alcoholic-caffeinated drink/

Psy 600

1 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY Peer audited article outlines PSYCH/600 Developmental Psychology March, 11, 2013 2 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY Peer survey article synopses Many companion looked into articles were intriguing to me; anyway the three that truly hung out as a primary concern is financial status and youngster advancement, Psychology and Aging: The initial 20 years, and Child improvement. These diaries stood apart I instructed about how it could identify with my live and teenagers at my job.Psychology and maturing: The initial 20 years talks about how the maturing procedure during that time of life has change and a couple of attributes are still effectively equivalent to the years passed by. One trademark that remaining parts the equivalent is portrayal of the wide range of research on the turn of events and maturing. Another further sort of assorted variety in Psychology and maturing that was notice is the topographical decent variety of the how the creators commentators. Another history of the brain research and maturing process has strived to be comprehensively comprehensive as for explicit areas of grown-up advancement and maturing process.Theoretical direction is applied pushed of the work technique. Early issues talked about the essential parts of insight, discernment, and memory. Financial status and kid advancement discussed the distinctions of high and low in families. Through this article it talks on how youngsters from low-SES families are bound to encounter some type of development brokenness. It likewise shared how youngsters from low â€SES families were conceived rashly and with a birth abandons. 3 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARYCognitive and scholastic fulfillment connection among SES and low families’ examines has indicated that youngsters who originate from neediness and low parental instruction are related with lower levels of school accomplishment and IQ later in youth. With respe ct to the most elevated SES bunch was demonstrated 25 focuses higher than the mean of the least SES gathering. The connection among SES and children’s social and passionate prosperity isn't generally reliable as to subjective fulfillment. There is generous proof that low-SES youngsters all the more regularly show symptoms.Another peer checked on article is financial status and kid advancement, this subject stays to be fascinating it talks on kid improvement and how kids prosperity is speaks to in three areas. Subjective the scholarly and scholastic skill and how the kid learning practices form as they develop into a grown-up. Socioemotional improvement talks about the social and enthusiastic prosperity isn't as predictable as the subjective achievement. The low-SES kids progressively show manifestations of mental unsettling influence and social functioning.The quality of the connection among SES and mental issue shifts by sort of scatters and race. In synopsis these three art icles all offer the data and studies that I discovered moderately intriguing. 4 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY References: Bradley, R. , and Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Financial status and youngster advancement. , (), Rose, T. Z. , Haley, W. E. , and Blanchard-Fields, F. (2006). Brain science and Aging: The initial 20 years. , (), Bradley, R. H. , and Corwyn, R. (2002). Financial Status and youngster advancement. , (), .

Astronomy Questions Free Essays

Space science 1760-60 Fall 2010 Homework 2 Answers Short Answer/General Questions: These ought to have short answers of a couple of sentences. 1. Clarify the distinction among speed and speed and why this is significant in quickening. We will compose a custom article test on Space science Questions or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Give a model where an article is quickening, yet their speed is steady. Speed: Change in position after some time †separation over the long haul Velocity: Change in position and bearing over the long haul †separation and course over the long run Acceleration: Change in Velocity, so an adjustment in speed, heading or both.Example: An adjustment in course yet not speed would be increasing speed around a bend, where speed is steady however the course changes, which implies the speed changes, which implies that quickening happens. 2. Why is light so significant in space science? We spent a huge piece of our talk discussing light and the kinds of light †for what reason does this make a difference such a great amount in cosmology? What is the primary way stargazers get data about things outside our universe? Light is significant in stargazing on the grounds that, outside the nearby planetary group, it is the ONLY thing that contacts us from some other spot in the universe.Al l the data we have is from light. Light (saw by telescopes and satellites) is the primary way that cosmologists gain data about the universe outside our nearby planetary group. Light educates us concerning the source object, the way it has taken, the things it has passed and anything it has experienced. Now and again it’s difficult to distinguish a portion of these things, yet they are all in the light data we get. 3. In class we discussed the three primary sorts of vitality †active, potential and radiation.For each kind of vitality, give a model and clarify why this kind of vitality fits in that classification. Active (vitality of movement) †running, tossing a ball, smacking a fly, thus numerous things Potential (spared vitality) †vitality put away in a battery, vitality put away in your body (from food) Radiative vitality (light vitality) †light vitality from the sun (feels warm when you are outside, isn't that so? ) 4. What is the distinction between precise goals and amplification? Give a model from regular daily existence about rakish goals versus amplification. Space science 1760-60 Fall 2010 Homework 2 Answers Angular goals vs.Magnification †Magnification implies that you are augmenting a picture that you as of now have, yet you are not adding any more detail to it. You can expand the size, however you aren’t going to perceive any more. Precise goals is the littlest edge between two focuses that permits them to in any case be discernable, and on the off chance that you increment that, you add more detail to a picture. Keep in mind, that when you explode things on the PC (amplify) the PC screen is restricting your precise goals, so pictures may appear to be increasingly point by point however that’s in light of the fact that the screen couldn’t show you the detail that was in the image.Once the rakish goals of the screen coordinates the picture, you can expand it (amplify) it all you need, you won’t see more detail. Yet, getting a higher goals adaptation of a similar picture and amplifying it by a similar sum will permit you to see more detail since that image has more data. Which is likewise why those records occupy a great deal more space on your PC. Consider it/Experiment Questions: These inquiries require somewhat more work and marginally additional time, however none of them should take excessively long. 1. You discover a planet circling a star that is generally a similar mass as our sun.This planet circles in 63 days. Utilizing either Kepler’s third Law or its Newtonian form (it’s up to you, simply try to show which you utilized) figure the planet’s orbital separation and contrast with the Earth’s orbital separation. Keep in mind, these two different ways will have replies in various units, so ensure you realize what units you are working in to contrast with the Earth. Make a point to show your work for the estimations which ever way you use. The following are a couple of supportive snippets of data: Kepler’s third Law: pg. 68 in your book, and there is a model as well.Newtonian Version: pg. 100 on the left side Earth’s good ways from the Sun: 1 AU or 1. 5 x 10 11 m Keplers Law P^2 = A^3 P = 63/365 = 0. 17 P^2 = 0. 029 A = (0. 029)^1/3 A = 0. 31 AU This separation, contrasted with the Earth-Sun separation is 1 AU, which implies that this planet is 1/3 of the good ways from its sun as we are from our own. 2. In class we discussed dark body spectra. People produce as a blackbody, not simply stars. Accepting that we have a temperature of 310 K (about internal heat level), utilize the equation on Astronomy 1760-60 Fall 2010 Homework 2 Answers age 123 of your book to discover the frequency where we discharge a large portion of our radiation. Contrast this with our sun, which has a pinnacle frequency of 500 nm (noticeable light). What kind of light do we top in? Demonstrate your figurings to get full credit on this issue! Lambda = 2,900,000/T = 2,900,000/310 = 9355 nm This is around 10,000 nm = 1ãâ€"10^4 nm = 1x 10^-5 m = INFRARED We top in the infrared, as do most Earth warm blooded animals. This is the reason night vision goggles see individuals around evening time †they are demonstrating infrared. Be that as it may, regardless of what films will have you accept, they for the most part don’t function admirably through walls.You don’t have great precise goals through dividers. What's more, a few windows presently are all around ok protected that you wonâ€℠¢t see a lot of infrared light through them either. 3. The climate of the Earth reflects over into space a segment of the Sun’s light, so it never arrives at the ground. Be that as it may, the air additionally helps keep a portion of the vitality closer to the Earth once it reaches the ground. On the off chance that we didn’t have the environment, would the Earth’s surface be hotter or colder? For what reason do you think this? I’m not asking that you look into the appropriate response †I need you to consider it and give me your thinking and legitimize it.You can use to course reading to help, yet try to reference whatever you use from it in your answer. The temperature of the Earth without an environment would be around 255 K, which is ~ 0 degrees F. This implies the Earth may have fluid water at certain occasions (during summer) however not the greater part of the year and not continually. This would likewise be the normal temperature (implying that the temperature would be fluctuating around this the same number of you thought) however since now the normal temperature is 288 K (58 F) it implies the normal would be very nearly 60 degrees colder.Many of you noticed that there would be undeniably increasingly light and vitality arriving at the Earth, which is valid. Be that as it may, quite a bit of it wouldn’t communicate with the Earth that much and wouldn’t change the temperature on a superficial level. This is adjusted by the nursery impact that occurs with an environment, which warms the surface despite the fact that it likewise obstructs some light from arriving at the surface. This equalization would bring about a somewhat colder Earth, however like some of you speculated, it would even now be decent for us today (however likely not for developing living things). 4. Do a trial at home. Hang up a bit of paper at eye level with certain lines on it 2 mm separated (you can make your own, or there is one posted on D2L). Stroll back until you can simply consider them to be unmistakable lines and could tell precisely what number of there are on the page. This gives you a proportion of your precise goals. How far back did you get from the lines? Normal vision says you should see them simply settling around 4-5 m. Is it safe to say that you were nearer or more distant? Shows improvement over normal visual perception (better rakish goals), or more terrible? Stargazing 1760-60 Fall 2010 Homework 2 AnswersUse the separation that you were away from the divider to discover the precise goals of your eye utilizing the recipe underneath and the separation in meters. You can change over feet to meters by partitioning the quantity of feet by 3. 28 to get the quantity of meters. Precise goals (circular segment minutes) = 6. 8755/Distance (m) Most individuals will get something along the lines of 1. 5 to 1. 0 rakish goals. Presently you can perceive any reason why Tycho Brahe’s perceptions were so noteworthy. In the event that you wear contacts or glasses, try to have them in when you do this investigation. In any case you’re answer will be a lot bigger than 1. .I stood 15. 83 ft away, 15. 83/3. 28 which is 4. 75 m. Precise goals of my eyes (with glasses) is 6. 875/4. 75 = 1. 45, which is entirely normal. Regardless of whether you have precise goals around 1. 8 to 2, that is still entirely acceptable vision. Individuals who needed to stand 3 ft away (rakish goals around 7) may need to show signs of improvement glasses however. The class normal precise goals = 2. 43 Remember, a more modest number implies that the edge between two things can be littler when you recognize them, which means they can be nearer. So littler = better. On account of precise goals. The most effective method to refer to Astronomy Questions, Papers

Fire Prevention Strategies With Senior Citizens Research - 1925 Words

Fire Prevention Strategies With Senior Citizens Research (Research Paper Sample) Content: Your NameInstructor NameCourse NumberDateFire Prevention strategies with senior citizensThe population of senior adults is rapidly increasing; in 2000, the population of older adults of age 65 and older in the state of Colorado only was 416,073. This number has grown, and based on the U.S. Census Bureau report of 2005, it is expected to increase to approximately 956,278 by the year 2030. The growth of senior adults population brings about the fear of survival because fire protection facilities find it hard to meet the demands of the growing population. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the senior citizens are more at risk of fires as equated to the general population. As an individual age, there fire risks grow. The U.S Fire Administration/National Fire Data Center study indicates that the senior adults suffer from diminished abilities such as touch, smell, vision, and hearing (1). These impairments often reduce their reactions and put them at a greater risk of starting fires which interns places them a higher risk of suffering from fire-related injuries and/or death. Due to these reasons, there is a need to come up with fire prevention strategies that can help reduce any fire-related issues in senior citizen assisted living facilities, senior living apartments, and the senior homes. Risk Factors for Fire in Senior Citizens Facilities Assisted Living Facilities.Assisted living facilities are long-term care facilities for the elderly. They provide several chances and comfort for the residents present. Assisted Living Facilities are always safe, relaxed and better living opportunity for the old in most countries. While most of these facilities undergo thorough fire and building inspections, there are often other unique circumstances that lead to fire breakouts. These fire hazards are mostly related to the intense level of elderly impairment, the design of the facility and the materials and equipment present. The reduc ed mental and general health of the residents is the primary cause of fires in many assisted living facilities around the world. According to the U.S Fire Administration/National Fire Data Center study (2), at least 81 percent of the patient present in these facilities require assistance with most of the daily activities. The common medical conditions that most elderly suffer from is mental disorders, senses impairment, and nervous system problems. Approximately 63 percent of the residents require a wheelchair for movement purposes. The caregiving devices such as the electrical appliances, cooking equipment, and the entertainment system present fire risks too. The compressed gasses that are typically used by the elderly and the flammable liquids used for cleaning and care giving not only escalates the risks of fire breakouts but also they are dangerous both to the residents and the fire brigades in a fire situation.The architectural design of assisted living facilities together w ith the usage of wheelchairs and staff and residents movement brings about a significant challenge during fire evacuations. Most of the facilities do not have sprinklers because they were constructed using noncombustible materials. Also, some facilities do not have smoke dictators because there are no federal law standards put in place to govern such matters. Senior BuildingsLicensed residential living for older adults provide a continuous professional care and a twenty-four-hour supervision. The resident receives special care, meals, medication and regular assistance with the daily activities. The data collected regarding the residential apartment and the elderly fire is very diverse, but despite the significant difference, there are quite a number of similarities observed over time. There are some similarities of fires involving the young citizens and the elderly, but there are also significant differences such as the gender, race, and time of day dangerous fires break out. Based on the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS), thirty-four percent of the people who perished due to residential fires in 2002 fourteen percent of them were the elderly age 65 and above. The records indicated that more men died in residential home fires than women, although more women were injured. The elderly fires occurred during the mid-morning, and the early afternoons, this was most likely because the elderly were at home at these hours of the day while the young adults were away working. Also, more fires occurred during the winter season as compared to the other seasons.The primary cause of the fires in which an older adult was involved was as a result of smoking, electrical heating, open flames, cooking, and suspicious acts. The highest number of the elderly were in their bedrooms during the period of fire injury and/or death. The majority of the elderly died while trying to escape the fire, sleeping or trying to control a fire.Senior Homes Senior homes health cares are also an alternative hospitality for elderly who suffer from impairments and other health related problems. Even though the elderly put in such facilities are often weak, and in need of intensive care, they too pose a noticeable fire risk. The primary cause of fire in senior home is also associated with the medical conditions of the residents present in these facilities. The most diagnosed illnesses in senior homes healthcare are heart diseases, injuries, and circulatory system diseases. Also, cancer is a major health issue to the majority of the admitted residents. Most of the elderly put in this facilities require constant attention and Just like the assisted living facility, 74 percent of the elderly receive assistance in most of their daily activities such as moving around, food preparation, housework, and financial related business.Senior homes are at higher risks of fire breakouts because unlike the assisted living facilities; there are no enforceable regulations on storag e and maintenance of compressed gasses, flammable liquids, and the electrical devices. The design of the facility also plays a key role in reducing on increasing the fire risks; most of the residents require wheelchairs to commute while other are completely immobile. Such a situation makes it almost impossible to evacuate all the residents in case of a fire breakout. Other issues such as smoking habits which are normally banned in long-term care facilities are harder to regulate in senior homes thus remaining to be a significant risk factor. In addition, most of the senior homes lack proper care and maintenance due to financial difficulties and lack of attention or knowledge. Discussion As individuals age, they go through both a cognitive and physical change; this changes can damage peoples ability to respond and prevent fire hazards. Most of the elderly experience mobility difficulties as they age, which impairs their capacity to make a successful escape in case of a fire breakout. Also, many of the older adults are often subjected to prescription medication which has substantial side effects that may lead to substanceinduced impairments, such as those brought about by alcohol consumption; substance-impairment can increase the risks of an elderly to be injured or die in a fire accident. When evaluating the fire risks to the elderly it is essential to understand that no particular factor stands alone. In many occasions, both the physical and cognitive impairments are responsible for most fire accidents. An individual might suffer from poor hearing, vision and also be subjected to impairing prescription medication all the same time. As the life expectancy of people around the world rise, adults above 65 years are expected to live about 18 more years. The more these numbers grow, the more the effects of cognitive and physical impairments thus resulting in higher risks of fire breakouts and fire-related deaths and injuries to the older adults.Loss of sensory and cognitive abilities in older adults.As mentioned above weakling of sensory abilities such as touch, sight, smell, and hearing can relatively increase the risks of fire to the senior citizens. When more than a few of these abilities are enfeebled in a person, the fire risks of individual are normally aggravated. The mental changes also institute additional fire risk factors. According to the US Fire Administration/National Fire Data Center; Fire and the Older Adults research, the reduction in mental health is far more dangerous than a decrease in physical condition (13). Individuals who suffer from cognitive mental disorder sometimes forget their environment and do not realize they are in any danger; at times they too can engage in mischievous risky behaviors.Sense of SmellAn individuals sense of smell combined with smoke detectors are very instrumental in combatting fire hazards. However, recent studies have identified that the smell sense is not so useful in spotting fires during s leeping hours as compared to waking hours. During waking hours, an individual can quickly identify if either something is burning, a stove is on, any gas leaks in the house or discovers any potential fires around the house. As we grow old, these senses begin to diminish and thus increase fire injury risks. A study conducted at San Diego University indicated that a significant number of older adults suffer from a weaker sense of smell than the much younger generation. The study also put together the connection between the diminishing feelings of smell and other dwindling abilities such as memory loss and reasoning ability (13). Also, it has been globally recognized that the loss of smell and taste have adverse effects on quality of life of an elderly (14). Sense of Touch.The general action of feeling whether equipment is hot or cold can be a way of preventing fire. The simple act...

Mexican Economy Essay - 1609 Words

On December 20, 1994, in an attempt to make Mexican products more competitive, Mexican President, Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Len, devalued the Mexican Peso. Unfortunately, attempts at keeping the Peso to only a fifteen percent devaluation failed. The Peso dropped almost forty percent (Roberts, 1). It went from 3.5 to almost 7.5 peso’s to the dollar before it stabilized. The devaluation not only sent shockwaves through the Mexican economy, but through the rest of the world. Why should the world now risk it’s money to save Mexico? Why not just let the Mexican economy and government collapse? To calm these shock waves United States President Bill Clinton, acting on his executive order, organized an approximately $49.5 billion aid†¦show more content†¦With the threat of rebels in the south or the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) possibly overthrowing the government, the rewards that foreign investors were about to reap from the large scale Mexican privat ization were quickly fading, hence the devaluation of the Peso in 1982. Who wants to invest in Mexican institutions if the government no longer has the power to protect them and insure their prosperity? The socialist party managed to take control of the government and nationalized everything in sight, costing investors billions of dollars in lost property (Roberts, 3). Investors were facing the gloomy possibility of losing billions, even trillions of dollars to nationalization. Mexican stocks, debt, and currency would be rendered worthless. If a socialistic government were to take control of Mexico, then every other rebel group and socialist party in Latin America would now seize this opportunity and throw their own rebellions--possibly erupting a situation in Latin America where not only the moneys, but the militaries of the world would be needed to once again bring stabilization to this region of the world. This would give new meaning to the words: foreign direct investment. Instead of using money to stabilize and grow underdeveloped economies, the world would be using blood. With the globalization of products follows the globalization of stocks, foreign debt, and currency: where one country’sShow MoreRelatedHow Did The Economy Affect The Mexican Economy1137 Words   |  5 Pagesrates and debt rose to an uncontrollable point. Intending to boost the countrys economy, the Lopez Portillo administration spent vast amounts of public spending on electricity generation, construction, the mining industry, and manufacturing. However, the country’s debt rose due to the US and other countries taking advantage of their large amounts of oil. The world oil market collapsed, and with it, the Mexican economy. In addition, an earthquake in 1985 killed almost twenty thousand people and leftRead MoreAnalyzing Political Corruption And Its Effects On The Mexican Economy1623 Words   |  7 Pageson the Mexican Economy Gyadisha Sulvaran Palm Beach State College Macroeconomics Warren Smith 4th of April 2014 â€Æ' Abstract For macroeconomics, we were given an assignment to examine and analyze the causes of the business cycle in foreign economies. We were divided into groups of 6 and were given the instructions to randomly select a continent. Our continent was North America. We had to choose between Canada and Mexico. 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Starbucks free essay sample

These outrageous success was due to its well-developed strategy vision which lay out the companys strategic course in developing and strengthening its business. Starbucks is a global corporation that sells authentic coffee in 30 countries, reporting revenues of nearly $5. 1 billion in 2006. The main goal of Starbucks is to embrace diversity by applying the highest standards of excellence. Starbucks strives to perfect the relationship with the working class by making the service as fast as possible because they believe that every customer has their own personal rate. One of the main reasons Starbucks is so successful in this flattening global economy is because they focus on quality and experience rather than the price. Starbucks image is one of the key elements to their success. By focusing on plenty of comfortable seating, customer feel welcome to stay longer than planned. Starbucks hopes to create a third place between home and work for their customers. Starbucks operates more than 8,800 of its shops, which are located in about 10 countries (mostly in the U. S. , while licensees and franchisees operate more than 8,000 units worldwide (primarily in shopping centers and airports). Starbucks mission is â€Å"To inspire and nurture the human spirit-one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time. † In addition to their mission, Starbucks says, â€Å"We’ve always believed in serving the best coffee possible. Its our goal for all of our coffee to be grown under the highest standards of quality, using ethical sourcing practices. Our coffee buyers personally travel to coffee farms in Latin America, Africa and Asia to select the highest quality Arabica beans. Once these quality beans arrive at our roasting plants, Starbucks experts bring out the balance and rich flavor of the beans through the signature Starbucks Roastâ„ ¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Starbucks, 2011). International Expansion In 1996, the first Starbucks’ store outside of North America was opened in Tokyo, Japan. Starbucks entered the U. K. market in 1998 and paid about $83 million to acquire Seattle Coffee Company’s chain of 56 coffee shops, re-branding all the stores as Starbucks. In 2002, Starbucks opened its first store in South America, in Mexico City. Year later, Starbucks continued its expansion by opening its first store in Lima, Peru. The first Central America Starbucks store was opened in El Salvador’s capital, San Salvador, in November 2010, (Starbucks, 2011). In April 2003, Starbucks completed the purchase of Seattle’s Best Coffee and Torrefazione Italia from AFC Enterprises, which brought the total number of Starbucks locations worldwide to more than 6,400. This meant that Starbucks owns Seattle’s Best Coffee and Torrefazione Italia. Name and Logo Starbucks is named after the first mate in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick. The company’s logo is inspired by a seafaring twin-tailed siren from Greek mythology, (Starbucks, 2011). The logo has been significantly streamlined over the years. In the first version, it was based on a 16th century â€Å"Norse† woodcut; the Starbucks siren was topless and had a fully visible double fish tail (Howard, 1997). In the second version, her flowing hair covered her breasts, but her navel was still visible. The fish tail was cropped slightly, and the primary color was changed from brown to green; this logo was used from 1987-92. In the third version used between 1992 and present, her navel and breasts are not visible at all, and only vestiges remain of the fish tails. The original woodcut logo has been moved to the Starbucks Headquarters in Seattle (Figure 2). Original brown logo, used from 1971–1987. Green logo, used from 1987-2010 (It is still being used as a secondary logo). Redesigned logo, used from 2011-present. Figure 2- Logo, then and now Leadership at Starbucks Starbucks foundation is set on the belief that employees make the company what it is and by doing so Starbucks has created a unique situation where customers, employees all profit due to the decisive leadership of upper management. Howard Schultz and Howard Behar are the spearhead of Starbucks leadership and are therefore the key focus of this part of the paper. Howard Schultz Howard Schultz was born July 19, 1953, in Brooklyn, New York. Schultz was the eldest of three children. He grew up in a poor family, and graduated from Canarsie High School in 1971. In 1975, Schultz earned a degree in Communications from Northern Michigan University, where he earned a football scholarship. Schultz was the first of his family to graduate college. Schultz worked a variety of jobs until becoming manager of U. S. operations for Hammarplast – a Swedish manufacture of kitchenware (Zwierzynski, 2011). During this time Schultz first noticed a small business in Seattle named â€Å"Starbucks†, which was a client of Hammarplast, and was immediately impressed with what he saw. At that time, Starbucks was a small retail coffeehouse, which primarily sold coffee beans and coffee related accessories (Zwierzynski, 2011). Soon after, Schultz decided to join Starbucks in 1982 as a director of marketing and operations. Schultz took a trip to Milan, Italy for Starbucks where he first observed that coffee bars are on every block, about 200,000 in the whole country. Schultz learned that these coffee bars served as meeting places, and only served excellent quality espresso. After seeing what success these coffee bars had in Italy, he wanted to change Starbucks after what hat he had seen in Italy, and operate nationally, but the owners did not agree with this transformation. But, this just caused Shultz to try harder, and in 1985, Schultz started his own coffeehouse, â€Å"II Giornale† Italian for â€Å"The Daily† (Zwierzynski, 2011). The company proved to be a success, and was gaining public notice. Then in 1987, Starbucks retail unit was up for sale, and Schultz made his dream a reality by purchasing Starbucks for $3. 8 million. He also renamed â€Å"II Giornale† to Starbucks, and expanded Starbucks across the United States. As chairman and CEO of Starbucks, Howard Schultz has helped build the company from a single storefront to a flourishing global enterprise by adhering to a key principle, â€Å"to build a company with soul†. Howard Schultz is a man known for his ability to promote his values and make strong connections with others. Schultz is able to inspire employees, through his leadership, to feel at home in workplace. He promotes investment in extensive and vital training for all Starbucks employees. Schultz does these things because he realizes that happy employees create happy customers and that is good business. The characteristics listed above make Schultz a rare individual in business. His reasons for his values are simple yet unpracticed in many companies. Schultz says, â€Å"We all want the same thing as people to be respected and valued as employees and appreciated as customers. Perhaps Schultz basic quality of being capable of placing intrinsic value on people as people and not simply as a means to an end is the difference between good and great business leadership. Howard Schultz made the following observation on leadership in his book, Lessons from the Top, â€Å"I think it’s very difficult to lead today when people are not truly participating in the decision. You won’t be able t o attract and retain great people if they don’t feel like they are part of the authorship of the strategy and the authorship of the really critical issues. If you don’t give people an opportunity to really be engaged, they won’t stay. (5 Key Traits of Leaders, 2011). According to William Meyers for US news, you can see the leader in him just by analyzing his body language, Schultz does not hide behind the lectern, according to him; Schultz is the corporate caregiver and the truth teller and well-known for open communication and active formation of partnership with his employees. If the leader can get others involved in what is wanted, they will adopt the leader’s goal as theirs and become committed to its attainment. Because of this, involvement is a very powerful influence tactic, and can usually be combined fairly easily with one or more of the other tactics. Why is involvement so important? One dimension is ownership. We work and fight much harder for things that are our own. Involving people succeeds because it gives those you need ownership. In his book, Pour Your Heart Into It, Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz (1997) says, â€Å"If I hang my hat on one thing that makes Starbucks stand out above other companies, it would be the introduction of ‘bean stock. ’ With it we turned every employee of Starbucks into a partner. † Schultz goes on to say that there was a time when privately held companies such as Starbucks did not have employee stock plans. But continues Schultz, â€Å"My goal was to link shareholder value with long-term rewards for our employees. I wanted them to have a chance to share in the benefits of growth, and to make clear the connection between their contributions and the growing value of the company ability to build a desirable vision of the organization. Partners, this is how Starbucks employees would describe themselves, not as worker bees or drones or as any other demeaning names. The reason for this, Howard Schultz; he believes that Starbucks has done so well because of its labor force, not the coffee. Schultz found that a motivated work force could go miles further than a good product. As a result, Starbucks promotes a healthy working atmosphere with â€Å"team† oriented procedures and strong supervisory relationships. Each facility is a tightly nit family of employees, which generates a peaceful atmosphere for workers and customers alike, (Starbucks Corporation, 2011). Starbucks provides several reasons for employees to feel like partners and not simply capital for production. To begin with, Starbucks offers a comprehensive benefits package at an economic price that anyone can afford. Starbucks also offers competitive pay ranging from $7. 0 to $10 per hour for their most junior positions, as well as a 401K saving plan, and as already mentioned, an employee stock purchase plan, in order to promote saving among Starbucks employees. These offerings by Starbucks are the backbone of their highly rated progressive goals and have been proven to produce increased profits as well a s the best quality experience for customers and employees alike. At the heart of Starbucks success lays Schultzs philosophy that true leadership leaves no one behind. This goes to show that Schultz has some of the key personality traits that make one a good leader. When we analyze Schultz behavior pattern, we can say that he does not solely display task-oriented leadership behavior, by providing employees with instructions, and by behaving in ways that will increase the performance of the company. But, also he clearly demonstrates people-oriented leadership behavior, by showing concern for employees’ feelings, and by treating them with respect. Howard has a 100 percent commitment to leave no one behind, and thats rare in business leaders today, says Kenneth Lombard, president of Starbucks entertainment division. Schultz adds, We all want the same thing as peopleto be respected and valued as employees and appreciated as customers†. The story of Howard Schultz brings in mind the question what makes a good leader? To answer this the Big Five model a construction from the discipline of Psychology will be used. The Big Five model rates individuals according to openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism; the straits listed, according to the Big Five model, are related to leadership development and effectiveness. According to Kinicki, the author of our course text, positive leadership traits include, intelligence, determination and extraversion. Schultz displays many of these traits while conducting business. He projects a transformational leader, meaning his focus is on pursuing organizational goals before his own, as any effective leader would do. Its About the People by Howard Behar Another great leader that greatly aided Shultz, former president of Starbucks, Howard Behar, in his book, Its Not About the Coffee gives extensive advice on how to lead a company through times of blessing and trial by putting people before profits. According to Howard Schultz, current CEO of Starbucks, this book is a guide intended for every entrepreneur, small business owner, anyone who wants to elevate the morale in their organization, any business leader who is mastering a new corporate culture, and any organization trying to manage their human capital, and finally anyone who is in the early stage of professional development as it helps identify and develop own values, skills and goals. The book offers a set of simple principles that can guide actions in both private and professional life, (Behar, 2009, p. v). Behars focus on people and their significance as exemplified in the preface There can be no coffee without people will be discussed in the following part of the paper, (Behar, 2009, p. xvii). Howard Behar is a former president of Starbucks; he started working at Starbucks in 1989 when the company began expanding outside the American northwest region. During his time at Starbucks, the company grew from 28 to 400 stores. Under his leadership Starbucks opened in Tokyo, and expanded to other parts of Asia and the United Kingdom, (Wikipedia. Howard Behar n. d. ). In the foreword to the book, Howard Schultz attributes the success of Starbucks to great timing, and the ability to attract the right people, namely two who have built the path for Schultzs great dreams to become reality, and these two great people are Howard Behar and Orin Smith, Behar, 2007, p. xii). Schultz cleverly calls the three fathers of Starbucks as H2O referring to himself (Howard), Howard Behar and Orin Smith. He added that they in fact became the essential ingredient to the company, just like water is to coffee. Schultz also gives thanks to Behars coaching and partnership as they have greatly contributed to the development of Schultzs leadership skills, (xii). Furthermore, Schultz adds that Behar has a deep understanding of the importance of embracing people they way they are and ways of helping them succeed (Behar, 2009, p. xiv). In the preface to the book entitled, Leading in Hard Times, Behar, attributes the success of any company on the people and that they are at the essence of Stabucks; people who buy, roast, deliver, prepare, and serve the offee, each one of them equally important. He also writes that people will, particularly in hard times, inspire, sustain and grow the organization. He continues saying that both human and economic cycles last shorter than our values and actions of our values. Even in times of turbulence, values and actions that demonstrate care, ensue trust, and accountability help regain stability, (Behar, 2009, p. xviii). During these times of economic adversity m any only focus on profits and making numbers, and to those Behar sends a clear message that it IS about the people. It is people who have creativity, energy, and passion to move us forward, (Behar, 2009, p. xviii). He also adds that to reach towards success, one needs to honor people who will take you there. Starbucks has had its fair share of struggles, and each on of these could have caused pain to the employees, which why each individual situation has to be dealt with care and dignity, (Behar, 2009, p. xix). It is important to remember that both through good and bad times, the company needs to take care of its people. So, how to be successful? To this Behar responds by giving simple directions based taking personal, organizational, and financial societal responsibility. He composed a checklist on how to lead in hard times that consists of following questions: †¢ Are you being true to yourself and your values? †¢ Are you listening and basing your actions on the best information available including unaccepted truths and insights? †¢ Are you clear about your role, purpose, and contribution? Are you doing the right things for the right reasons? †¢ Is the right person making the right decisions? †¢ Are your decisions and actions building trust and showing you care? Are you taking responsibility and not blaming others? †¢ Are you letting the truth be your guide? (Behar, 2009, p. xx-xxii). These questions should help reach success, as success is based on taking one step at the time, staying true to ones values, and never letting go of the driving values to nurture and inspire the human spirit, (Beha r, 2009, p. xix). Over the years former president of Starbucks made a list of 10 steps of personal leadership. This list is the guiding framework of the book and it was formed over the years from different sources that Behar came across. Behar used these principles to coach hundreds of leaders, including Schultz, and they are also found on the walls of his office, (Behar, 2009, p. 4-7). 1. Know who you are: Wear One Hat 2. Know why you are here: Do It Because Its Right, Not Because Its Right for Your Resume 3. Think Independently: The Person Who Sweeps the Floor Should Choose the Broom 4. Build trust: Care, Like You Really Mean It 5. Listen for the truth: The Walls Talk 6. Be accountable: Only the Truth Sounds Like the Truth 7. Take action: Think Like a Person of Action, and Like a Person of Though 8. Face Challenges: We Are Human Beings First 9. Practice Leadership: The Big Noise and the Still, Small Voice 10. Dare to Dream: Say Yes, the Most Powerful Word in the World, (Behar, 2009, p. 4-7). Conclusion Starbucks firmly believes that the spirit of Starbucks is employees and feels honored about the value of Starbucks employees. Starbucks offers an interactive structure that makes personnel instill themselves into their job and motivates them to achieve more. The question remains if Starbcuks will still continue with this practice regardless of the external pressures, like the harsh economic conditions. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Howard_Behar https://www.usnews.com/ http://www. flatworldknowledge. com/pub/principles-management-v1. 1/128888 http://www. starbucks.com

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